protologue: Gen. Amer. Bor. 2: 178 (1849)
URL protologue: https://archive.org/stream/generafloraeamer02gray#page/178/mode/2up
5 443406 Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray [116 873167 Rhamnus caroliniana Walter] T. Nuttall, Collect. Illustr. N. Amer. Sylv.: t. 59 (1836-1841)
5 443406 Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray [116 873167 Rhamnus caroliniana Walter] A. Lounsberry, E. Rowan, Southern wild flowers and trees: p. 329, t. 103 (1901) [E. Rowan]
5 443406 Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray [116 873167 Rhamnus caroliniana Walter] T. Nuttall, N. Amer. Sylv. (Nuttall) [2 volume ed.], vol. 1 : t. 59 (1865)